EPILEPSY WITH AUDITORY FEATURES (EAF)

Overview
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Seizure Classification
Generalized onset seizure
- Motor Onset
- Non-Motor Onset
Focal Onset Seizure
- By Onset Feature
- Focal to Bilateral Tonic-Clonic
- Hemispheric lateralization
- Lobar localization
  - Frontal
  - Temporal
  - Parietal
  - Occipital
Unknown Onset Seizure
Neonatal Seizure
Epilepsy Classification
Generalized Epilepsy
Focal Epilepsy
Generalized and Focal Epilepsy
Unknown Epilepsy
Epilepsy Syndromes
Neonate/Infant
- Self-limited
- With developmental and epileptic encephalopathy
Childhood
- Self-limited focal epilepsy syndromes
  - Remission expected in all cases by adolescence
    - Self-limited epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes
    - Self-limited epilepsy with autonomic seizures
  - Remission expected in most cases by adolescence
    - Childhood occipital visual epilepsy
    - Photosensitive occipital lobe epilepsy
- Genetic generalised epilepsy syndromes
  - Epilepsy with eyelid myoclonia
  - Epilepsy with myoclonic absence
- Idiopathic generalised epilepsy syndrome
  - Childhood absence epilepsy
- With developmental and/or epileptic encephalopathy
Variable Age
- Idiopathic generalised epilepsy syndromes
- Focal epilepsy syndromes
- Combined generalised and focal epilepsy syndrome
  - Epilepsy with reading-induced seizures
- With developmental and/or epileptic encephalopathy or progressive neurological deterioration
  - Progressive myoclonus epilepsies
  - Rasmussen syndrome
Epilepsy Etiologies
Genetic Etiologies
- Chromosomal abnormalities
- Gene abnormalities
Structural Etiologies
- Malformations of cortical development
- Vascular malformations
- Hippocampal sclerosis
- Hypoxic-Ischemic
- Traumatic brain injury
- Tumors
- Porencephalic Cyst
Metabolic Etiologies
Immune Etiologies
Infectious Etiologies
Encephalopathy
Epilepsy imitators

EPILEPSY WITH AUDITORY FEATURES (EAF)

Familial focal epilepsy with variable foci (FFEVF): Whereas seizures compatible with EAF can occur in an individual in a family with FFEVF, for familial EAF to be diagnosed, all affected individuals in the family must have seizures compatible with EAF.
Psychiatric disorders: Auditory hallucinations are easily distinguished from EAF by the more chronic nature and complexity of psychiatric auditory hallucinations.
Tinnitus: This disorder is common and thus may be coincidentally present in the patient's family. This is distinguished from focal sensory auditory seizures by the usually longer duration of tinnitus in disorders of the peripheral auditory system, and the presence of other features of seizures accompanying ictal auditory sensations.