EPILEPSY WITH GENERALIZED TONIC-CLONIC SEIZURES ALONE (EGTCA)

OVERVIEW

Epilepsy with generalized tonic-clonic seizures alone (previously known as epilepsy with grand mal seizures on awakening) is a common idiopathic generalized epilepsy syndrome. Individuals have infrequent generalized tonic-clonic seizures, typically provoked by sleep deprivation.

Clinical context

This syndrome is characterized by onset of generalized tonic-clonic seizures between age 5-40 years (typically 10-25 years, 80% begin in the second decade of life). Both sexes are equally affected. Antecedent and birth history are typically normal. A past history of febrile seizures may be present. Neurological examination and head size are normal. Development and cognition are typically normal, however impairments in specific domains e.g. executive function or attention may be seen. Seizures are typically infrequent. Sleep deprivation, fatigue and alcohol lower threshold for seizures.